Leni / Research, in context
Weight loss & metabolism research
Different molecules. Different study populations. Different questions. A guided comparison of selected peptide research, with the limits kept in view.
About this publication. Published by Leni Health, a laboratory research materials supplier. These pages review published literature; they do not offer products, recommend personal use or report clinical trials conducted by Leni.
What has been studied in people?
Semaglutide and tirzepatide have been examined in large randomised obesity trials. Retatrutide has a separate investigational research programme. These are studies of specified medicines and protocols, not tests of commercially supplied research materials.
What is still preclinical?
MOTS-c connects mitochondrial signalling with metabolic questions. Its foundational cell and mouse findings belong in a different evidence category from a randomised human weight-management trial.
Can the headline percentages be ranked?
Separate trials differ in duration, participants, comparators and analysis methods. A larger number in one paper does not establish that one intervention is better than another. This page is an evidence map, not a treatment ranking.
Evidence map
What was studied. What it can tell us.
This is a map of selected evidence, not a ranking of products or treatments.
| Research subject | Study setting & finding | Interpretation & limits | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide |
Randomised human trial STEP 1 enrolled 1,961 adults without diabetes for 68 weeks. Mean body-weight change was −14.9% with semaglutide and −2.4% with placebo, alongside lifestyle intervention. |
Gastrointestinal events were common. The result describes a selected population and trial intervention; it is not a prediction for an individual. | Study record ↗ |
| Tirzepatide |
Randomised human trial SURMOUNT-1 followed 2,539 adults without diabetes for 72 weeks. Mean weight change varied across study groups, from −15.0% to −20.9%, versus −3.1% with placebo. |
Gastrointestinal events and treatment discontinuation matter alongside weight change. These results cannot be directly ranked against a different trial. | Study record ↗ |
| Retatrutide |
Investigational human research The phase 2 obesity study examined combined GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptor activity. The detailed review below also discusses later trial reports. |
Reported gastrointestinal effects, heart-rate changes and longer-term uncertainty need to be read alongside the efficacy results. | Study record ↗ |
| MOTS-c |
Cell and animal research Foundational research examined metabolic regulation and insulin sensitivity, including experiments in mice. |
This evidence does not establish a weight-loss treatment, clinical safety or a performance benefit in humans. | Study record ↗ |
Go deeper into the evidence.
Read the existing compound reviews, including study details, mixed findings and original sources.
How to read this review
This is a selected narrative synthesis of the research already reviewed in the Leni library, with primary sources linked for further reading. It is not an exhaustive systematic review, a treatment comparison or medical advice. Study findings concern the intervention, model and population tested. They do not establish the safety or quality of a separately supplied material.
Topic review: 12 October 2026. Existing compound reviews retain their own evidence dates and source-access notes. No independent clinical review is claimed.
Read our evidence and editorial approach →